Sunderland Player Wages, Kevin Wanted To Go Snowboarding For His Vacation, Farm Safety Week 2022, Articles W

Drake was the first English person to achieve this (and the second person in history at the time). The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section A 8145/2A/C - 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 2: British depth study 1HI0 B1-B4 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 2: Period study 1HIA P1-P5 - 21 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA A Level History Paper 1 (options A to L) 7042/1C - 26 May 2022 [Exam Chat], OCR A Level History Non-British period study: All Exams - 22 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 1: Thematic study 1HI0 10-13 - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section B 8145/2B/C - 21 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section A 8145/2A/A - 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 1 Section B 8145/1B/C - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel A Level History Paper 3: 9HI0 30-39 - 22 June 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 1 Section B 8145/1B/B - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 3: Modern depth study 1HI0 30-33 - 9 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel A Level History Paper 2: Depth Study 9HI0 2A-2H - 10 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat]. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Company Reg no: 04489574. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. One was debt. The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. - Leith blockade. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. Marriage and the Succession She was expected to marry and produce an heir for the Tudor line but she wanted to choose the right person and not anger anyone. Cecil was a master of Renaissance statecraft, whose talents as a diplomat, politician, and administrator won him high office and . This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. Died: 24 March 1603. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule - BBC Bitesize "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room Use your outline Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Boston House, Become a Member | Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. The raid on Cadiz was a good strategic move by the English and not only weakened the Spanish, but strengthened the English. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. Robert Dudley was the Earl of Leicester and during the time of the conflict involving the Netherlands, he was appointed to lead the military expedition to the Netherlands. Explain why France was such a threat to Elizabeth when she - Brainly Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. Henry himself gave people cause . Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). Throckmorton was tortured and although he confessed, was then killed. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. Elizabeth I and France - History Learning Site DOCX www.oasisacademywintringham.org Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. Queen Elizabeth I: The Controversies and the - Ancient Origins This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. The Catholic threat - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. The conspirators including Babington were all. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. LS23 6AD 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. (*fragmentary*). Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. . In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. She was a Protestant. As such, I disagree with the statement. Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. how significant was the catholic threat to elizabeth 1, posed by her Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of Elizabeth also felt she had no right to execute a legitimate monarch but also, executing a queen could set a dangerous precedent that could undermine her own claim to rule by Divine Right and fuel more plots against her. Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. Problems faced by Elizabeth I in 1558 - YouTube Foreign Affairs. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. PDF Paper 2: Early Elizabethan England 1558-88 - Oasis Academy South Bank For example, from 1567, Elizabeth allowed the Dutch sea beggars to shelter in English harbours (from where they then attacked Spanish ships in the English Channel who were making their way with men and materiel to support Albas mission). Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. What Problems Did Elizabeth Face in 1558? - 844 Words | Studymode In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. Boston Spa, Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. France was to be a constant thorn in the side of Elizabeth I throughout her reign. She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England. The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site Therefore, Elizabeths legitimacy was questioned because of the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. Those who refused this were sent to prison. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Spouse: None. Who was Queen Elizabeth enemies? - idswater.com This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. However this union was appalling because he was Catholic was married to the previous queen, and a foreigner. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread. Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. Elizabeths legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. PDF Mark Scheme (Stage 8 Sign Off) November 2020 When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. 214 High Street, The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. and reversing the religious settlement. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. Elizabeth's sister Mary I had lost this port back of Calais to the French in an unsuccessful war that England and Spain had fought against France Elizabeth wanted it back to demonstrate England's strength France and Spain were no longer at war and there was a real possibility they may unite against England. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. Elizabeth I: a biography. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. 2. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. The powerful countries in Europe at that time - France and Spain - were Catholic and the plots against Elizabeth often . Boston House, How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay 214 High Street, Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. Phillip II of Spain proposed marriage to Elizabeth. The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. This increased tension between England and Spain. The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. Topic guides / The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. Medina Sidonia decided to retreat back to Spain and call off the attack on England. . As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism.