The data . Working on data is crucial because we need to figure out what kind of data it is and how to use it to get valuable output out of it. Whenever you face any problem the best solution is consulting the concerned teacher, you should never hesitate to ask for doubts. Ungrouped frequency distribution of discrete data is performed against a single value. It only contains finite values, the subdivision of which is not possible. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. The height of a student from age 5-15 is continuous data because the height varies continuously from age 5-15 which is not a constant for 10 years. If we have quantitative data, such as the correct number of questions on a test, then the data can be continuous or discrete. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. If you count the number of phone calls you receive for each day of the week, you might get values such as zero, one, two, or three. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific . Create a simple random sample of 15 quiz scores. The data are the colors of backpacks. One student has a red backpack, two students have black backpacks, one student has a green backpack, and one student has a gray backpack. This data helps market researchers understand the customers tastes and then design their ideas and strategies accordingly. You may wrap around (go back to the beginning). State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. It might sound a bit weird but do not burden yourself with new topics before the exam. Sample size issues: Samples that are too small may be unreliable. The weights of the soups (19 ounces, 14.1 ounces, 19 ounces) are quantitative continuous data because you measure weights as precisely as possible. It is a good idea to look at a variety of graphs to see which is the most helpful in displaying the data. The results of convenience sampling may be very good in some cases and highly biased (favor certain outcomes) in others. A. Notice that backpacks carrying three books can have different weights. For example, call-in surveys are invariably biased, because people choose to respond or not. If you sample without replacement, then the chance of picking the first person is ten out of 25, and then the chance of picking the second person (who is different) is nine out of 24 (you do not replace the first person). Your IP: I want to study the topic of Statistics for my college-level exams? There are several different methods of random sampling. Misleading use of data: improperly displayed graphs, incomplete data, or lack of context. Press ENTER two more times for the other 2 random numbers. The amount of money they spend on books is probably much less than the average parttime student. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2992ec2e151da5 The weights (in tons) of the trees in a forestANSWERA.) ), Marital status (Single, Widowed, Married), When companies ask for feedback, experience, or satisfaction on a scale of 1 to 10, Letter grades in the exam (A, B, C, D, etc. where n is the number of tips in the phylogeny ( ) , P is the continuous trait value of each species, and Q is the expected value of each species given the continuous trait model calculated following Equation (11) of Beaulieu et al. However, if two or more of you are taking the same data and get very different results, it is time for you and the others to reevaluate your data-taking methods and your accuracy. Instructions: Use the Random Number Generator to pick samples. To determine the average cost of a two-day stay in a hospital in Massachusetts, survey 100 hospitals across the state using simple random sampling. Self-selected samples: Responses only by people who choose to respond, such as call-in surveys, are often unreliable. Finite values have discrete data. Complex numbers and fluctuating data values that be measured over a defined time frame are referred to as continuous data. B. The following pie charts have the Other/Unknown category included (since the percentages must add to 100%). If you and your friends carry backpacks with books in them to school, the numbers of books in the backpacks are discrete data and the weights of the backpacks are continuous data. Two positions of an open gate are shown. To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a proportionate number from each stratum. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. One gym has 12 machines, one gym has 15 machines, one gym has ten machines, one gym has 22 machines, and the other gym has 20 machines. , i.e. One-third of a number when decreased by 2 equals one-fifth of the nimenbe Find the number. Discrete Data Examples: The number of students in a class, the number of chocolates in a bag, the number of strings on the guitar, the number of fishes in the aquarium, etc. The class boundaries are 10 to less than 13, 13 to less than 16, 16 to less than 19, 19 to less than 22, and 22 to less than 25. Ordinal data is qualitative data for which their values have some kind of relative position. Another example is learning how to use calculators. If these data-driven topics got you interested in pursuing professional courses or a career in the field of Data Science. Evaluate it on its merits and the work done. Create a cluster sample by picking two of the columns. The exact lengths (in kilometers) of the ocean coastlines of different countries. Confounding makes it difficult or impossible to draw valid conclusions about the effect of each factor. The tables display counts (frequencies) and percentages or proportions (relative frequencies). Types of soups, nuts, vegetables and desserts are qualitative data because they are categorical. But graphs can be even more helpful in understanding the data. Height is continuous but we sometimes don't really worry too much about minor variations and club heights into a set of discrete data instead. The data she collects are summarized in the pie chart Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). Whether you are a data scientist, marketer, businessman, data analyst, researcher, or you are in any other profession, you need to play or experiment with raw or structured data. Each student in the following samples is asked how much tuition he or she paid for the Fall semester. They may be related (correlated) because of their relationship through a different variable. This is completely natural. Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *. b. Zanas house is at A, 500 feet from the intersection, and Tan's house is at B, 750 feet from F. Which distance is longer, the distance from Zana's house to Tan's house or the distance from Theresa's house to Is house? The measure of ZQ is 10 less than the measure of LP. The color of hair can be considered nominal data, as one color cant be compared with another color. The data are the colors of houses. Ducks in a pond are discrete data because the number of ducks is a finite number. Click to reveal Press ENTER 2 more times (even the repeats). It is countable. Vedantu LIVE Online Master Classes is an incredibly personalized tutoring platform for you, while you are staying at your home. To four decimal places, these numbers are not equivalent. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. However, generally, we use age as a discrete variable. The colors red, black, black, green, and gray are qualitative data. B. (We assume that these are the only disciplines in which part-time students at ABC College are enrolled and that an equal number of part-time students are enrolled in each of the disciplines.) The use of discrete and continuous quantitative variables would be helpful for detecting intervention effects . Question: State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. For this example, suppose Lisa chooses to generate random numbers from a calculator. The land areas of different countries Choose the correct answer below. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. The students spend the following amounts: $180; $50; $150; $85; $260; $75; $180; $200; $200; $150. A random number generator is used to pick two of those years. The safest route is to avoid the closest pair of islands. These kinds of data are also known as Numerical data. The data are continuous because According to a report, today, at least2.5 quintillion bytes of data are produced per day. the data can only take on specific values . You can go for a business analyst or a statistician or a financial analyst or even an economist etc. What type of data is this? In one study, eight 16 ounce cans were measured and produced the following amount (in ounces) of beverage: 15.8; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5. Since this is the case, sampling without replacement is approximately the same as sampling with replacement because the chance of picking the same individual more than once with replacement is very low. They spend: $50; $40; $36; $15; $50; $100; $40; $53; $22; $22. It also could not be used if the percentages added to less than 100%. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. Other well-known random sampling methods are the stratified sample, the cluster sample, and the systematic sample. Number each department, and then choose four different numbers using simple random sampling. Since these samples are not representative of the entire population, is it wise to use the results to describe the entire population? Quantitative data, on the other hand, is one that contains numerical values and uses a scope. Nominal Data is used to label variables without any order or quantitative value. However the third random number, 0.14669, contains 14 (the fourth random number also contains 14), the fifth random number contains 05, and the seventh random number contains 04. b. A continuous data set because there are infinitely mamy possible values and those values cannot be counted. Convenience sampling involves using results that are readily available. The volumes left parenthesis in cubic feet right parenthesis of different rooms Choose the correct answer below. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why: . O C. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. What type of data is this? To find the average annual income of all adults in the United States, sample U.S. congressmen. The data are continuous because the data can only take on specific values. The exact lengths (in kilometers) of the ocean coastlines of different countries is a continuous variable because it can take on any value in an interval. Try this experiment twice. These data are used for observation like customer satisfaction, happiness, etc., but we cant do any arithmetical tasks on them. Any group of n individuals is equally likely to be chosen by any other group of n individuals if the simple random sampling technique is used. Discrete. For the purpose of analysis, data are presented as the facts and figures collected together. categorical, quantitative discrete or quantitative continuous. The name nominal comes from the Latin name nomen, which means name. With the help of nominal data, we cant do any numerical tasks or cant give any order to sort the data. Then survey every U.S. congressman in the cluster. Press ENTER. However, generally, we use age as a discrete, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10. A sample of 100 undergraduate San Jose State students is taken by organizing the students names by classification (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior), and then selecting 25 students from each. 1.2.13 State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous and explain why.The times required by students to complete a statistics test Choose the correct answer below. b. Press ENTER and record that number. Compared to nominal data, ordinal data have some kind of order that is not present in nominal data. The road from A to E and the road from C and D are perpendicular and intersect at point F. Theresa's house is at C, 500 feet from the intersection. By using simple random sampling, select states to be part of the cluster. O C. ), Education Level (Higher, Secondary, Primary), Total numbers of students present in a class, The total number of players who participated in a competition. A continuous data set because there are infinitely many possible values and those values cannot be counted. Determine whether the data described below are qualitative or quantitative and explain why: . The discrete data contain the values that fall under integers or whole numbers. The colors of the houses are white, yellow, white, red, and white. and it is subdivided into nominal and ordinal data. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. Quantitative data, on the other hand, is one that contains numerical values and uses a scope. state whether the data is continous or discrete The durations of a chemical reaction comma repeated several times Choose the correct answer below. Why or why not? You sample five houses. c. Qualitative data are generally described by words or letters. You count discrete data. In reality, a sample will never be exactly representative of the population so there will always be some sampling error. Just as there is variation in data, there is variation in samples. This pie chart shows the students in each year, which is qualitative data. Collecting data carelessly can have devastating results. Measurements of the amount of beverage in a 16-ounce can may vary because different people make the measurements or because the exact amount, 16 ounces of liquid, was not put into the cans. categorical, quantitative discrete or quantitative continuous. 8. There are many different potential problems that can affect the reliability of a sample.