Unit 4 Programming by Suba Senthilnathan Assignment 1 - Content of Programming Explain how computational thinking skills We will look at searching algorithms later on in the course. He, K.; Zhang, X.; Ren, S.; Sun, J. (@[YC(b,.`9h|y4jz3`+NLu L&0:h q&a /PnpNEq. The color, brightness, and contrast of the generated image were distinctly improved. ; validation, J.H. But before we implement our solution in a particular programming language, we have to define an algorithmic solution for the problem were examining. Students coalesce the most important details shared in articles about a specific current event and write a brief about the event. Abstraction in learning is the process of taking away or removing certain characteristics of a complex problem to reduce it to its most essential components. Conceptualization, J.H. (2000). 28492857. Information is the result of processing data by putting it in a particular context to reveal its meaning. Abstraction in coding and computer science is used to simplify strings of code into different functions. Although there is an algorithm where one method may be faster than another, pattern matching is a key to com posing the solution. Educators use abstraction when looking at vast sets of student data to focus on the most relevant numbers and trends. Based on HAE and DRB, we construct a fast and efficient underwater image enhancement network. Once you have identified a pattern you can speculate whether it can be reused in your existing program, or used in another program. [, In recent years, deep learning gradually occupied a leading position in the field of computer vision with its high plasticity and universality. Identify the information required to solve a problem. So to summarise what we have learned in this lesson: Pattern Recognition, Generalisation & Abstraction, https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/design_pattern_overview.htm, Representing parts of a problem or system in general terms, It will be broken up into a number of lessons of a set length, You will have a lesson with a teacher and the teacher will take a register. Data are the raw facts or observations of nature and computation is the manipulation of data by some systematic procedure carried out by some computing agent. Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. Although the brightness and details of the image enhanced by FE-GAN were restored partially, there is still a large gap from the image style under natural light, which is also the focus of future research. Let's examine some patterns in these recipes - in general terms. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1114 October 2016; pp. In recent years, many learning-based methods used, Structural reparameterization is used in our encoder to speed up inference. Consider the student search system, it can be represented using the following terms: Think back to your student planner program from Lesson 1. [, Zhu, J.Y. and J.Z. Computer science is the study of computational processes and information processes. A similar puzzle to the knights tour, the tour guide must visit each of the major attractions in a city and find the most feasible way to travel between the locations to complete the task. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. Panetta, K.; Gao, C.; Agaian, S. Human-visual-system-inspired underwater image quality measures. However, these skills, such as pattern recognition, decomposition, abstraction, generalization . The early underwater imaging model was presented by Ref. In the case of the school register, the input will be a Character entered against the student name It could be / or P if the student is present, and N, \ or L if they are not present. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257285. Mao, X.; Li, Q.; Xie, H.; Lau, R.Y. 71597165. captured are operated to obtain the clear images as the desired output [. positive feedback from the reviewers. 67236732. After defining the problem precisely, it involves these three steps: Computational problem solving thus involves finding an appropriate representation of, or context for, the data, and using that representation in an algorithmic, step-by-step procedure that solves the problem once the problem is clearly defined. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Liu, X.; Gao, Z.; Chen, B.M. We intend to develop computational thinking skills and Pattern Recognition is one of the 4 components, however we also want to emphasize that there are many examples where a computer or other devices may not be required. [. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Honolulu, HI, USA, 2126 July 2017; pp. ; data curation, L.W. A knight moves two spaces in one direction and one space in another direction at right angles. No, its not, I said. This article proposed an underwater image enhancement model FE-GAN (fast and efficient generative adversarial network) to solve these problems. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our model achieved better results. Simultaneously, our model conducted qualitative and quantitative analysis experiments on real underwater images and artificial synthetic image datasets respectively, which effectively demonstrates the generalization ability of the model. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Deep residual learning for image recognition. Abstraction is similar to the selective filtering function in our brains that gates the neural signals with which we are constantly bombarded so we can make sense of our world and focus on whats essential to us. We also know that an algorithm is an effective procedure, a sequence of step-by-step instructions for solving a specific kind of problem using particular data structures, which designate specific data representations. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051227, Han, Jie, Jian Zhou, Lin Wang, Yu Wang, and Zhongjun Ding. Diagram and history of programming languages. Both of these test sets are from the UIEBD dataset, which is more challenging. and J.Z. Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. ; Park, T.; Isola, P.; Efros, A.A. Unpaired image-to-image translation using cycle-consistent adversarial networks. hbbd```b`` Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. To summarise abstraction is the gathering of the general characteristics we need and the filtering out of the details and characteristics that we do not need.. A website providing comprehensive coverage of computer programming. - 67.227.236.71. Patterns are things that are the same within a problem and between problems. [, Galteri, L.; Seidenari, L.; Bertini, M.; Del Bimbo, A. These rules, in turn, can directly inform the final algorithm well use in the second step of constructing the computational solution. %%EOF In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Nashville, TN, USA, 2025 June 2021; pp. We can then think of programs as being the computational solutions, the solutions to computable functions, that we express in some particular programming language. Cognitive load theory (Sweller, 1988) suggests that we each have a limited capacity to hold different concepts in 'working memory' when problem-solving, with the implication that when programming problems involve too many different elements, this capacity can be exceeded.Students will then have increasing difficulty in solving such problems. You ask your smart speaker what the weather will be that 2022 has been an exciting year at Learning.com! [. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051227, Han J, Zhou J, Wang L, Wang Y, Ding Z. FE-GAN: Fast and Efficient Underwater Image Enhancement Model Based on Conditional GAN. Have a look at the following website about the Gang of Four design patterns https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/design_pattern_overview.htm. We chose fps as a metric to measure inference time, which expresses as, For AUVs and ROVs, during underwater exploration activities, the purpose of improving the image quality is to improve the accuracy of tasks such as object detection and classification. %PDF-1.5 % The larger the value, the better the color balance, clarity, and color of the image. Jaffe, J.S. Snefjella, B., Ichien, N., Holyoak, K. J., & Lu, H. (2022). Predicting Refs. Cycle-GAN [. Cognitive Influences on Learning Programming | SpringerLink Zhang, H.; Zhang, S.; Wang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Yang, Y.; Zhou, T.; Bian, H. Subsea pipeline leak inspection by autonomous underwater vehicle. Once a problem has been decomposed into smaller tasks, it is useful to try and identify common themes or patterns that might exist in other programs. These are expressed as follows: UIQM is a non-referenced underwater image quality evaluation metric based on the human visual system excitation, mainly for the degradation mechanism and imaging characteristics of underwater images. Zhang, L.; Li, C.; Sun, H. Object detection/tracking toward underwater photographs by remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). Fatan, M.; Daliri, M.R. This is based on pattern recognition, similar to fingerprints. The object detection test was performed before and after the FE-GAN processing. Lulu.com, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia, You can also search for this author in 2023. This is a similar problem to bringing utilities to each home, a situation engineers face when building communities. Mirza, M.; Osindero, S. Conditional generative adversarial nets. In computational thinking, one of the integral steps to the problem-solving process is pattern recognition. Hambarde, P.; Murala, S.; Dhall, A. UW-GAN: Single-image depth estimation and image enhancement for underwater images. >/)gU)FOW_s U}Bgw5]\0QOo, \rz0gx1Ato{C -T/~3IjdzjXM'l2%50TpY?.G/-SYrUT5Af7. How to Help Students Improve Pattern Recognition Skills, 3 Important Additions to Digital Literacy for Students in 2023. Han, M.; Lyu, Z.; Qiu, T.; Xu, M. A review on intelligence dehazing and color restoration for underwater images. In this paper, we proposed an underwater image enhancement model based on a conditional generative adversarial network. CrossRef For them to use technology responsibly, safely and effectively, they need to understand the Digital literacy encompasses the skills required to use technology safely, effectively and responsibly. ; Li, K.; Luan, X.; Song, D. Underwater image co-enhancement with correlation feature matching and joint learning. PDF Promoting Undergraduate Pre-Service Teacher Computational Thinking EasyTech Wins Tech & Learning Awards of Excellence: Best of 2022, How One School District is Driving Digital Wellness in Students (& How to Join), What is Digital Literacy: Definition and Uses in Daily Life, Texas Technology Standards: Big Changes Need Big Solutions, Definition of Computer Science, Computational Thinking and Coding, Get Creative with Professional Development for Technology Integration. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Let's take a brief look at the periodic table and how we frequently we see many other topics represented (abstraction) today in periodic table fashion. Examples of Pattern Recognition in Everyday Life. >> ty G ~i-*hd h"uZX{LQ!fbW " z(vW49s7$nZAax9A'21@R%B Computational Thinking Steps: In order to make predictions using computational thinking, we need to define three steps related to the problem and its solution: I should add a little caveat here: these rules for computational thinking are all well and good but theyre not really rules, per se; instead, think of them more like well-intentioned heuristics, or rules of thumb. a student will typically study a 2-year course. Education and information technologies (2022) 27:8289-8310 All rights reserved. It hides the underlying complexity in a programming language, which makes it simpler to implement algorithms and communicate with digital tools. As students go through the learning process, they are exposed to many type of patterns and the early recognition of patterns is key to understanding many other more complex problems. The details of the hierarchical attention encoder (HAE) are shown in, For the discriminator, we use a Markov discriminator [, The conditional generative adversarial network introduces additional auxiliary information and can learn the mapping. Computational Thinking Defined - Towards Data Science There is similarities to finding a shirt of your size in a clothing store. Generalization like this allows us to identify characteristics that are common across seemingly disparate models, thus allowing us to adapt a solution from one domain to a supposedly unrelated domain. The programmer works with an idealized interface (usually well defined . Two different Student IMS systems might have different ways of taking a register. As technology continues to become more and Texas schools have big changes on the horizon when it comes to digital skills. Uoi|^;KAzMe}_-wmF~8|7osQw{SW"hog+`9T*#AcIiHm#H!7Ix./2N)##%i}>.J4gnFQte < Example 2: How does pattern recognition work on images or photographs. The study aimed to evaluate the results of a computational thinking (CompThink) and learning management model using a flipped classroom (FC), combined with critical thinking problem-solving (CTPS . The second step of the computational solution, Algorithmic Expression, is the heart of computational problem solving. Li, C.; Guo, C.; Ren, W.; Cong, R.; Hou, J.; Kwong, S.; Tao, D. An underwater image enhancement benchmark dataset and beyond. [, For the existing synthetic and real underwater image datasets, many GAN-based methods have been proven to have achieved good results in underwater image enhancement. Abstraction is an essential part of computational thinking. In 1994, four Software engineers, nicknamed the Gang of Four, Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides, published a book on design patterns which formalised patterns in software use. While the phrase computational thinking contains the word computational, it has applications far outside computer science. 1373313742. If the problem is some complex task, you might break it down into a sequence of simpler sub-tasks. In computational thinking, decomposition and pattern recognition break down the complex, while abstraction figures out how to work with the different . Most participants will have navigated their way to this workshop and this is in itself a pattern recognition issues, mostly a transportation problem and an algorithmic design component as well. Extensive experiments were carried out on real and artificially synthesized benchmark underwater image datasets, and qualitative and quantitative comparisons with state-of-the-art methods were implemented. What Is Computational Thinking? - Computational Thinking for High The programmer works with an idealized interface (usually well defined) and can add additional levels of functionality that would otherwise be too complex to handle. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Venice, Italy, 2229 October 2017; pp. [. xJSmSr!@67gQ Ai Educational Psychology Review, 22, 123138. As shown in. A . Consider early arithmetic patterns for addition and multiplication using time tables. Will the data patterns provide a part of the solution to the problem? In: Keane, T., Fluck, A.E. The process of computational thinking typically includes four parts: decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction and algorithmic thinking. 234241. As a crucial processing technology in the field of computer vision, image enhancement can purposefully emphasize the holistic or partial characteristics of an image. Abstraction principle (computer programming). For CTArcade: Computational thinking with games in school age children Different loss functions based on texture and content are combined with weights to constrain the generator and discriminator. Making predictions based on identified patterns. 48264835. ; Narasimhan, S.G. Berman, D.; Levy, D.; Avidan, S.; Treibitz, T. Underwater single image color restoration using haze-lines and a new quantitative dataset. Berman, D.; Treibitz, T.; Avidan, S. Diving into haze-lines: Color restoration of underwater images. Our web-based curriculum for grades K-12 engages students as they learn keyboarding, online safety, applied productivity tools, computational thinking, coding and more. Google Scholar. Ever find yourself saying, 'where have I seen this before', could be a significant step in computational thinking. Cognitive Influences on Learning Programming. Han, J.; Zhou, J.; Wang, L.; Wang, Y.; Ding, Z. FE-GAN: Fast and Efficient Underwater Image Enhancement Model Based on Conditional GAN. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Venice, Italy, 2229 October 2017; pp. This paper proposes a fast and efficient underwater image enhancement model based on conditional GAN with good generalization ability using aggregation strategies and concatenate operations to take full advantage of the limited hierarchical features. To further verify the generalization ability of FE-GAN, we selected 990 images from the artificially synthesized dataset for testing and compared them with the corresponding ground truth images. Packed with plugged and unplugged examples, this guide will give you a foundational understanding of computational thinking and the confidence to address this topic with students. interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. Any structured thinking process or approach that lets you get to this state would be considered computational thinking. Once you have decomposed a complex problem, it helps to look for similarities or 'patterns' in each segmented part of the problem. A, Algorithmic Expression: We then need to find an algorithm, a precise sequence of steps, that solves the problem using appropriate data representations. hko The information needed will be surname only. Ignatov, A.; Kobyshev, N.; Timofte, R.; Vanhoey, K.; Van Gool, L. Dslr-quality photos on mobile devices with deep convolutional networks. That is, she wants to block a single river so that beavers will not be able to travel between all pairs of ponds in the neighbourhood. and Z.D. Like the other elements of computational thinking, abstraction occurs inherently and can be addressed throughout curriculum with students. Abstraction means hiding the complexity of something away from the thing that is going to be using it. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Venice, Italy, 2229 October 2017; pp. Why Is Computational Thinking Important for Students? We conducted feature fusion experiments between the encoder and decoder utilizing concatenate and aggregation, respectively. The conversion of Data to Information and then Knowledge can be done via computational problem solving. Computational thinking (CT), recognized as a cognitive skill set for problem-solving (PS ) (), has been regarded as a fundamental capacity for students in the digital society ().Wing (2006) proposed a broad definition, emphasizing the fields of computer science in human endeavors: According to Wing (2006), "computational thinking involves solving problems, designing systems, and . Li, H.; Zhuang, P. DewaterNet: A fusion adversarial real underwater image enhancement network. We will relate these examples to modern solutions that deal with many more data items. [, Ding, X.; Zhang, X.; Ma, N.; Han, J.; Ding, G.; Sun, J. Repvgg: Making vgg-style convnets great again. Once you have identified a pattern, you can now start to describe it. Abstraction is an essential part of computational thinking. A hierarchical attention encoder (HAE) can extract deeper features and texture information, while preserving the overall structure of the image. Filter out information you do not need and be able to justify this. We will explain the results of our model in terms of generalization ability and real-time testing in the following section. ; resources, J.Z. Cognitive fit: An empirical study of recursion and iteration. Introduction. Recognising patterns things that are common between problems or programs is one of the key aspects of computational thinking. ERIC - EJ1359936 - Using Computational Thinking to Facilitate Language Green, R., Burnett, M., Ko, A., Rothermel, K., Cook, C., & Schonfeld, J. We see this in compression of text files, photos and videos, and often the computers will compress when doing backups. All cats have a tail, eyes and fur, and also eat fish and meow. It hides the underlying complexity in a programming language, which makes it simpler to implement algorithms and communicate with digital tools. [, Fabbri, C.; Islam, M.J.; Sattar, J. Understanding abstraction enables students to make sense of problems they encounter, helping them to not be overwhelmed in the face of something complex and to persist, compute, iterate, and ideate. What's Next? Using UICM (color measurement index), UISM (sharpness measurement index), UIConM (contrast measurement index) as the evaluation basis. This helps the system storage by decreasing file size and also utilizes routines that are more efficient in processing. Computational thinking is the process of defining a step-by-step solution to a complex problem or to achieve a specific goal. Anna is also an avid baker and self-described gluten enthusiast, a staunch defender of the oxford comma, and a proud dog mom to two adorable rescue pups. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New Orleans, LA, USA, 21 June 2022; pp. Here are some ideas. Let's examine some other common problems. Pattern recognition is the idea of spotting similarities or trends or regularities of some sort in a problem or some dataset. ;Zg-Zz2|#W%,/@$`VQ IEEE. If that context is the probability of occurrence, we end up with Shannons Information measure. In this process, pattern recognition is Digital literacy refers to the knowledge and ability to use technology effectively and responsibly. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Li, C.; Guo, J.; Guo, C. Emerging from water: Underwater image color correction based on weakly supervised color transfer. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051227, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. Founded in 1999, Learning.com provides educators with solutions to prepare their students with critical digital skills. Introduction to computational thinking - BBC Bitesize Example 3: Everyone of us has done laundry, with all your clothes including socks. For example, you might want to search for students in a class, or who are being taught by a specific teacher all these involve some form of searching, the only thing that differs is what you are searching for. To further improve the quality of the generated image, we introduce the pixel-level and image-level loss functions into the objective function formulation. [. enables us to navigate complex problems more effectively while helping to find relevance and clarity at scale. 101 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[69 59]/Info 68 0 R/Length 141/Prev 560346/Root 70 0 R/Size 128/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream In software engineering and computer science, abstraction is a technique for arranging complexity of computer systems. % Lets consider our Student IMS. Goodfellow, I.; Pouget-Abadie, J.; Mirza, M.; Xu, B.; Warde-Farley, D.; Ozair, S.; Courville, A.; Bengio, Y. Generative adversarial nets. Download the Ultimate Guide to Computational Thinking for Educators. In which of the following neighbourhoods is Patricia unable to build her dam? The results show that our model produces better images, and has good generalization ability and real-time performance, which is more conducive to the practical application of underwater robot tasks. They constitute a way of reasoning or thinking logically and methodically about solving any problem in any area! [, Yi, Z.; Zhang, H.; Tan, P.; Gong, M. Dualgan: Unsupervised dual learning for image-to-image translation. A Feature Computational Thinking is a set of techniques for solving complex problems that can be classified into three steps: Problem Specification, Algorithmic Expression, and Solution Implementation & Evaluation.The principles involved in each step of the Computational Thinking approach are listed above and discussed in detail below. [, Isola, P.; Zhu, J.Y. Sinha, A., & Vessey, I. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. It hides the underlying complexity in a programming language, which makes it simpler to implement algorithms and communicate with digital tools. This pattern can then be applied to any systems that tracks and monitors student data, including attendance, punctuality and recording homework marks. Social Studies: Students coalesce the most important details shared in articles about a specific current event and write a brief about the event. in [, We used Pytorch 1.8.0 to implement the FE-GAN model. Several aspects should be taken into consideration, such as FLOPs, number of parameters, and inference time during deploying on resource-limited devices. The elements can be broken down into inputs, processes and outputs. Think of your two favourite games. Islam, M.J.; Xia, Y.; Sattar, J. [, Akkaynak, D.; Treibitz, T. Sea-thru: A method for removing water from underwater images. All rights reserved. The pattern types have a similar solution and once you create an algorithm for each you may see some similarities, however recognizing the pattern type of the question helps to create the solution. Generalisation happens when you can spot common themes between patterns. Here, we selected UCycleGAN [, The application of underwater image enhancement technology to underwater detection equipment is an important research direction. Next, we will try to optimize more network modules with structural reparameterization to improve the enhancement effect of the model on images with insufficient brightness, and focus on the practical application in underwater object detection and scene analysis. Like the other elements of computational thinking, abstraction occurs inherently and can be addressed throughout the curriculum with students. We can look for distinguishing attributes ( colour, shape, size), extract features or matching patterns. Thats all you need to know. This helps to simplify or break down the problem to make it easier to resolve. Although computational thinking isnt a formal methodology for reasoning, it does encompass some basic principles that are useful in all fields and disciplines. The materials for this session is slightly different than the the other three sessions and this is intentional.