The tenofovir dose should be adjusted according to renal function as this nucleoside analogue is cleared by the kidneys. Department of Health and Human ServicesEfficacy and safety of switching from boosted protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to single-tablet darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide at 48 weeks in adults with virologically suppressed HIV-1 (EMERALD): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trialRandomized, double-blind comparison of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) vs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), each coformulated with elvitegravir, cobicistat, and emtricitabine (E/C/F) for initial HIV-1 Treatment: Week 144 ResultsAtherosclerotic CVD risk profile of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) vs tenofovir disoproxil fumaratePresented at the 18th International Workshop on Co-morbidities and Adverse Drug Reactions in HIVCharacterization of HIV-1 resistance to tenofovir alafenamide in vitroIn vitro selection and characterization of HIV-1 with reduced susceptibility to PMPAUpdate of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: 2007The K65R reverse transcriptase mutation in HIV-1 reverses the excision phenotype of zidovudine resistance mutationsStandardized comparison of the relative impacts of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations on nucleoside RT inhibitor susceptibilityGenotypic and phenotypic predictors of the magnitude of response to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment in antiretroviral-experienced patientsMolecular mechanisms of tenofovir resistance conferred by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase containing a diserine insertion after residue 69 and multiple thymidine analog-associated mutationsMolecular mechanism by which the K70E mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase confers resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorsMutational correlates of virological failure in individuals receiving a WHO-recommended tenofovir-containing first-line regimen: an international collaborationSuperior efficacy and improved renal and bone safety after switching from a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate- to a tenofovir alafenamide-based regimen through 96 weeks of treatmentTenofovir alafenamide vs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in single tablet regimens for initial HIV-1 therapyBrief report: a randomized, double-blind comparison of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, each coformulated with elvitegravir, cobicistat, and emtricitabine for initial HIV-1 treatment: week 96 resultsDolutegravir plus two different prodrugs of tenofovir to treat HIVRenal function trajectories after switching from TDF to TAF: a nationwide cohort study. Progression to cirrhosis is generally faster in HBeAg‐negative patients, at an annual rate of 8–20%. A dose effect of 10 mg vs 30 mg in the pivotal phase III trial was apparent. The side effects of alpha interferon are relatively common, but are acceptable in most patients. The immediate objectives depend upon the stage of disease, but cirrhosis can be prevented, or decompensated cirrhosis can be prevented in patients with established cirrhosis.The end points of treatment are not clearly defined, and differ for HBeAg‐positive and negative disease. However, IFN alpha in contraindicated in patients with decompensated or decompensating cirrhosis. This manuscript provides insight into the history of TDF and TAF development, their unique pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, clinically important adverse effects, monitoring, interactions, resistance, review of clinical studies, and guideline recommendations and clinical applications for tenofovir’s various indications.TDF and TAF are both recommended treatment options for HIV and hepatitis B.To our knowledge, this is the first review that summarizes and provides insight on the clinically relevant differences between TDF and TAF for all approved indications.The implications of our review focus on affecting practice and highlighting relevant clinical and research information regarding TDF and TAF to provide understanding when caring for the HIV and hepatitis B population.Management of HIV and AIDS has evolved substantially over the past 3 decades. However, it has been suggested that TAF may provide a higher level of protection against TDF-resistant mutant viruses due its ability to achieve higher intracellular concentrations.Numerous clinical studies have evaluated efficacy and safety of transitioning patients from TDF-based regimens to TAF-based regimens for both HIV and HBV.DeJesus and colleagues designed an actively controlled, open-label, noninferiority study of virologically suppressed adult patients on 1 of 4 TDF-containing regimens. Most affected individuals fully recover, though, even if they have experienced severe symptoms. There were no significant side effects and no resistance was found. HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis has a variable course, often with fluctuating serum aminotransferases and serum HBV DNA levels. HBeAg seroconversion was observed in 8% vs 3% respectively.