There were 1359 clean operations and 1488 clean—contaminated operations.Of the 2847 patients qualifying for the study, 1708 (60 percent) had antibiotics administered preoperatively (0 to 2 hours before the initial surgical incision) (In the 2847 surgical patients in our study, 44 surgical-wound infections were detected (1.5 percent) (The number of infections and the number of patients for each hourly interval appear as the numerator and denominator, respectively, of the fraction for that interval. Of the 43 isolates from the 41 surgical-wound infections, 25 (58 percent) were resistant to the antimicrobial agent used, 15 (35 percent) were susceptible to the agent used, and 3 (7 percent) were not tested for susceptibility to the agent used. Our criteria for entry into the study limited it to patients who were undergoing elective surgery. For example, underlying diseases were classified according to the integer part of the relevant code in the Of the 6959 patients who underwent elective surgery during the study period, 2847 patients satisfied the criteria for inclusion in the study. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The National Surgical Infection Preven… First-generation cephalosporins—cefazolin—seem to be the drug of choice which fit the criteria listed earlier. In addition, certain underlying diseases (arthropathies, acute and chronic forms of ischemic heart disease, and intestinal symptoms usually requiring surgery) were also associated with an increased risk of surgical-wound infection. Organisms were identified with use of the API identification system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.). Randomized, controlled trials have shown that prophylactic antibiotics are effective in preventing surgical-wound infections. Concise summaries and expert physician commentary that busy clinicians need to enhance patient care.The most effective and engaging way for clinicians to learn, improve their practice, and prepare for board exams.NEW! When we studied the isolates according to the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis, 9 of 12 recovered from the early group (75 percent), 8 of 14 from the preoperative group (57 percent), 3 of 4 from the perioperative group (75 percent), and 5 of 13 from the postoperative group (39 percent) were resistant to the prophylactic agent used. On the other hand, such studies have not been reported in patients with trauma. However, none of the differences between timing groups in the rate of such resistance reached statistical significance.The results of the logistic regression analysis are presented in Early trials of prophylactic antimicrobial agents often failed to show efficacy in preventing surgical-wound infections because the antibiotics were given after surgery was completed. Stepwise logistic-regression analysis confirmed that the administration of antibiotics in the preoperative period was associated with the lowest risk of surgical-wound infection.In surgical practice there is considerable variation in the timing of the prophylactic administration of antibiotics, and administration in the two hours before surgery reduces the risk of wound infection. The trend toward higher rates of infection for each hour that antibiotic administration was delayed after the surgical incision was significant (z score, = 2.00; P<0.05 by the Wilcoxon test).Tap into groundbreaking research and clinically relevant insights Continuing contamination is the primary reason for ineffectiveness in these situations, and the prolonged use of prophylactic antibiotics only serves to make the ensuing … However, it is uncertain how the timing of antibiotic administration affects the risk of surgical-wound infection in actual clinical practice.We prospectively monitored the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis and studied the occurrence of surgical-wound infections in 2847 patients undergoing elective clean or "clean—contaminated" surgical procedures at a large community hospital. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials recruiting burns inpatients that compared antibiotic prophylaxis (systemic, non-absorbable, or topical) with placebo or no treatment. Few age categories were significantly associated with such infection, and the relation was nonmonotonic. Antibiotic administration was considered early if it occurred 2 to 24 hours before the incision, preoperative if it occurred 0 to 2 hours before the incision, perioperative if it occurred within 3 hours after the incision, and postoperative if it occurred more than 3 hours after the incision but less than 24 hours after surgery.Specimens were obtained for culture from all surgical wounds with evidence of infection, and all isolates recovered were identified by standardized methods of subculturing. More than 30,000 surgical procedures are performed each year, including many specialized procedures such as organ transplantation. 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